Principles of international humanitarian law the third and fourth principles

Principles of international humanitarian law the third and fourth principles


The principle of distinguishing between military objectives and civilian objectives


With the development of weapons of all kinds, especially the so-called smart ones, it has become possible, to strike the opponent everywhere, and at any time outside the scope of military actions, and thus the possibility of not being exposed, to the areas where civilians are present, and therefore civilians must be protected from the mistakes, and damages of war, through the establishment of controls, and restrictions To distinguish between civilian and military objectives, and to preserve human freedoms, and protect his property in times of peace, and war alike. Thus, the first Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions in, 1977, stipulated in Article 48 that," (the parties to the conflict shall work to distinguish between the civilian population, and combatants, and between civilian objects and military objectives, and then direct their operations against military objectives exclusively, in order to ensure respect, and protection of the population civilians and civilian objects)".

 The principle concludes as follows: 


Prohibition of combatants pretending to be civilian. 
Prohibition of directing military operations against civilian, objects or the civilian population. 
Prohibition of committing kidnappings whose main aim is to spread terror among the civilian population and threaten them. It is not permissible to cause widespread and long-term severe damage to the natural environment.
 It is forbidden to attack defenseless areas, demilitarized areas, and safe and neutral areas. 
When preparing for an attack, commanders must take measures, and requirements during the attack to preserve the lives of civilians. The principle of proportionality: The principle of proportionality is considered one of the most important international principles governing the environment during armed conflicts in particular, and one of the principles regulating wars and armed conflicts in general. 
The military, in its size and strength, is proportional to the expected results, so that the damages resulting from military actions are not disproportionate to the results achieved. (1)

Resrources 

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