The relationship between water and armed conflict-an introduction

an introduction Water plays a major role in human life, both individuals and groups, as the first human gatherings were established on the banks of rivers, but all the great civilizations that existed in ancient times were water and the presence of rivers a major reason for their establishment (for example, the Mesopotamian civilization that was established on the banks of the Tigris rivers The Euphrates and the Nile Valley Civilization that was founded on the banks of the Nile River). The volume of fresh water is about (35 billion km3), which is equivalent to (2.5%) of the Earth’s water volume of (1.4 billion km3). The available of this fresh water for human use is only (0.3%) and the rest is either frozen or found in the hollow. Thus, only 100 thousand km 3 of fresh water remains for human use. These frightening numbers indicate the scarcity and limitations of fresh water compared to the increase in the world's population and the tremendous development in all sciences, in which water plays the most prominent role. This water shortage in developing countries is linked to the spread of diseases and epidemics, as more than (80%) of the diseases of citizens of developing countries are caused by polluted waterwater. and that (10 million) people die annually around the world for the same reason. According to United Nations reports, about (20 thousand) A child dies annually due to the consequences of water shortage, and about a quarter of a billion people in twenty-six countries around the world at the present time, their per capita share of water annually does not exceed (1000 m3) of water, which threatens to cause more than two billion people within Thirst line by 2050. and more than (2.1 billion) people around the world lack safe drinking water services, and about (4.5 billion) people lack health facilities services. About (340 thousand) children die annually due to diarrheal diseases, and someone suffers from Every ten people in the world suffer from water scarcity, and (90%) of natural disasters are related to water.read more Also, reports issued by the United Nations Environment Program indicated that more than half of the world's population will live until 2030 in areas suffering from water shortages. Water enjoys special protection under international humanitarian law, as Article 54 of Additional Protocol I to the Geneva Conventions of 1977 states: “It is prohibited to attack, destroy, transfer or disrupt objects and materials indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, for example foodstuffs and agricultural areas.” and crops, livestock, drinking water utilities and networks, and irrigation works).read more

Comments

Post a Comment

Thank you for comment

Popular posts from this blog

Principles of international humanitarian law the third and fourth principles

Principles of international humanitarian law the third and fourth principles The principle of distinguishing between military objectives and civilian objectives With the development of weapons of all kinds, especially the so-called smart ones, it has become possible, to strike the opponent everywhere, and at any time outside the scope of military actions, and thus the possibility of not being exposed, to the areas where civilians are present, and therefore civilians must be protected from the mistakes, and damages of war, through the establishment of controls, and restrictions To distinguish between civilian and military objectives, and to preserve human freedoms, and protect his property in times of peace, and war alike. Thus, the first Additional Protocol to the Geneva Conventions in, 1977, stipulated in Article 48 that," (the parties to the conflict shall work to distinguish between the civilian population, and combatants, and between civilian objects and military objectives, a
Read more

Will climate change cause the Amazon rainforest to turn into a savannah?

Image
Forest fires and climate change Will climate change cause the Amazon rainforest to turn into a savannah?  The Amazon rainforest is well humid, but researchers around the world are increasingly asking how long this will be true.  About three decades ago, alarming research began to suggest that the cumulative effects of both deforestation and climate change could cause significant changes in the South American forest, with the forest expected to become drier and more savanna-like than Africa. Instead of lush, wet and dense landscapes. For nearly two centuries, the Amazon region has acted as a natural buffer protecting our world by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen needed for life, as these forests absorb up to two billion tons of greenhouse emissions annually, but during the past few decades unfortunately, The clearing of trees from the Amazon for the purpose of growing soybeans for livestock or animal pastures has exacerbated the drought in the region, with studies already c
Read more

Is the United States will succeed in reducing climate change?

Image
Us and climate change Climate change , is an inescapable reality In the spring of 1933, the new President of the United States, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, was facing a stifling environmental and economic crisis, as the Ohio and Mississippi River basins were completely submerged,and more than a,  .quarter of Americans were out of work.  Roosevelt's response to these clashing forces, plaguing the United States, was to create a Civilian Protection Corps, that would put young men (and men only), to work in soil conservation, building streets and roads, and fighting fires.  The establishment of this civil legion, we are killing two birds with one stone,” where he meant here the first bird, is to protect the environment, and combat the catastrophic effects of climate change (global warming), and the second is to employ Americans and eliminate unemployment.   The American landscape today, is very similar to that bequeathed, by Roosevelt, as lockdowns imposed to stem the spread of COVID-1
Read more